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Writer's pictureSue Priest


During my PGCE I have noticed that, a number of my cohort of trainee teachers, suffer from general anxiety. These are professionals; successful people who have managed to navigate their own education and career, despite the barriers they have faced.


Since the COVID 19 pandemic, many more learners are reporting generalised anxiety. Websites like this one have been established to help educate others to support them:


I am reflecting on this question; do anxious teachers, like those on my PGCE course, make better teachers for these anxious learners?

There does not seem to be very much literature on this topic. Dweck (2017) talks at length about Maths anxiety, and there are scholarly articles on how female teachers with maths anxiety push that maths anxiety onto girls (Beilock et al, 2009). This does not really address the question of generalised anxiety.


I Digress - or do I?

I was recently in an online CPD event, run by a colleague with autism. I was impressed by how this teacher had overcome obstacles and now was able to help others to learn. Certainly, she had an extremely good understanding of what it was like to be autistic, from her point of view.

Autism manifests as a variety of challenges and no one learner with ASD has the same combination. (From: https://www.lanc.org.uk/related-conditions/autistic-spectrum-difficulties-asd-adhd/)

Inhabiting, socialising and living in that "community", she had developed her understanding of the complexities of autism and how it affected people in a variety of ways, like the mixing deck on a DJ sound system. For example, referring you to the graphic - some learners may have none of the blue aspects but extreme impact from the purple. This gave her a deep understanding of how learners with autism are so unique - one size does not fit all.


I came away from that CPD session with a feeling that she would be a great teacher of autistic learners, as she would never make the mistakes to which naïve teachers were prone.


She would always show them respect and understanding. She may have strategies and tactics to share with them, beyond what we could know without that understanding.


So, back to anxiety. You may have spotted that anxiety appears on the ASD graphic - a blue circle. Though, having anxiety, alone, is not a diagnosis of autism, I believe there is a parallel.


I believe it is not a far stretch to compare teachers with ASD with teachers with general anxiety. The same things could be said, in my view. I cannot back these up with any research, as I cannot find any.


It is from my observations, and discussions, that a person with general anxiety, who has navigated their life successfully to the point of being a teacher, would have these abilities:

  • Showing empathy, through a shared lived experience

  • Sharing strategies and tactics to share - life skills for the anxious

  • Combining these experiences into engaging, impactful stories which may prove transformative to the anxious learner

  • Behaving as a live-demonstration role model - showing what can be achieved despite a personal challenge

This is a counter to the arguments made by Dweck and others, which have the effect of downgrading (especially female) teachers with maths anxiety into a position where they are seen as a poor influence on learners. Maths anxiety does not equate with general anxiety, though there may be an overlap.


Indeed, I contend, generalised anxiety, like with fully diagnosed ASD, can provide teachers with a set of tools that those without anxiety could not possibly possess.


I believe anxious teachers have hidden, teaching superpowers.






References

Beilock, S. L. et al. (2010) “Female Teachers' Math Anxiety Affects Girls' Math Achievement,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(5), pp. 1860–3. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0910967107.

Dweck, C. S. (2017). Mindset. Updated edition, revised edn. London: Robinson.

Goodwin, S. C. and Jenkins, A. P. (1997) “Teaching through Stories,” Journal of School Health, 67(6), p. 242

Symposium Ithaca (1995). Role Models in Education. Cornell University.

Writer's pictureSue Priest

Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II and His Royal Highness, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh with Banbury Mayor, Cllr Anne Bonner, 2008.

The beauty of a BLOG is that one may use a familiar tone, speak about matters of the heart and

generally muse. This is not the case with academic writing, such as that required by our PGCE assignments.


With this in mind, I am going to share a personal reflection on the recent death of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II and how I see monarchy and teaching overlap, or come into conflict.


Firstly, I must confess that I met The Queen in Banbury (Oxfordshire) Town Hall in 2008, as part of a celebration of the town's 400th Anniversary of the Town Charter. The Town Major, Anne Bonner (pictured, above) invited Her Majesty to visit Banbury and was surprised her invitation was accepted.


At that time, I was running my own climate change business innovation consultancy, and supporting the Young Enterprise charity by driving participation across schools in North Oxfordshire. Anne Bonner was a big fan of the changes our team had made. She included me in the group of charity volunteers to be introduced to The Queen and Prince Philip and chose me as the first person to whom The Queen was guided, as she entered the room.


Mixed Emotions

I cannot easily put into words the emotions I had on that day. As a volunteer of a local charity, I was honoured to be representing them. As the daughter of a Royal Navy sailor, I was honoured to meet his "former boss". As a girl brought up until the age of nine on a Plymouth council estate, I was a staunch believer in meritocracy, not privilege. I felt both conflicted and, somewhat, in awe.


I have recently put my thoughts of the meeting into a poem for my mother, June.

The Queen


Sue Priest (me) with HM Queen Elizabeth II in Banbury Town Hall, 2008.

The Queen. Has been. And gone.


She was one in a trillion or more.

Adored.

By so many.


Across the globe.

In her ermine robe.

And her crown of jewels.


She rules.

Our hearts still.


I met her once. Locked eyes with mine.

I saw deep black pools.

Of history. Transcendent.

She smiled. I did not expect that.

So did her hubby Phil.


Both of them. Full of smiles.


Shaking hands with me.

Talking to me. This legend of histo-ry.


Gone. But never forgotten.

It happens that, before the Queen's death, I had been grappling with how we, as educators, could marry the need to include British values in lessons, with the additional agenda of decolonisation.


Colonialism and Diversity

In a previous PGCE assignment, I explained how I included Winston Churchill and Nelson Mandela as subjects of one of my exercises. On reflection, I was concerned that Churchill had extensive links to colonialism, which made me question his inclusion in my lesson. I decided, on balance, that he was such an icon of the best of British values - that his stand against fascism shone through, so strongly - that I would keep him in. Many would probably laugh at my doubt.


British Values

Since The Queen's funeral, I have been wondering about how British Values marry with Monarchy. As Charles was proclaimed King by right of his birth, I joined others in the country who wondered, "why?".


The detail, in all five of the British values shown in the image below, includes the word: equality.


Are we equal, in a monarchy? How about 'subservience'? That is not a British value we are directed to teach. In fact, Democracy indicates "we all have a say", whereas in fact, only the monarch can appoint a Prime Minister or give assent to new laws. That power is gained purely because of bloodline. In the United Kingdom, we are not citizens, we are subjects.


Not many students could get into Cambridge university with two A-levels at B and C grades, however (the former) Prince Charles did gain a place. Is this equality?


Likewise, any organisation in the United Kingdom would be criticised if it consisted only of white British employees. Yet all working Royals are indeed of this group. Megan Markle, Duchess of Sussex, whose mother is a social worker with African-American heritage, stepped back from Royal duties with her husband, Harry. This removed the one person who could bring a touch of diversity to the Royal family.


Garratt and Piper (2003) frequently refer to the Crick Report (2000) on examining the difference between being a citizen and being a subject; the implicit caste dependency of the latter and the need for education to include social justice in the former.


Waters are further muddied by religion.


It is part of the coronation ritual that the monarch is anointed, not appointed. Ultimately, the church provides the legitimacy for the coronation and, in turn, the monarch becomes 'Defender of the Faith'. This time, one may recall the historic quote of The (former) Prince of Wales saying he would rather be "defender of faiths" than "defender of the faith". He clarifies his meaning and includes words from The Queen here. This is consistent, in terms of the British value "Tolerance of Different Cultures and Religions", however, do his words de-legitimise his imminent 'anointing' by the Church of England?


Monarchy - Pros?

Does a monarchy bring any benefits to a country? Royalists cite a number of benefits:


  • Popular with the public

  • Boosts international relations

  • Boosts national unity

  • Reduces governmental corruption

Whether or not you agree that these benefits existed for Queen Elizabeth, you must indeed ask the question as to whether they apply to King Charles, and subsequent monarchs. Many people see The Queen as a singular figure in history, having reined for so long and circumvented most of the scandals which plagued the rest of her family, including Charles and his wide, Camilla.


A YouGov poll for quarter 2 of 2022 showed the popularity of the Queen as 75%, yet that of King Charles as 42%; less than half of the respondents.


The Rule of Law


Ultimately, although the words "Monarchy", "King" and "subject" do not appear in the list of British values, the Rule Of Law, does.

The rule of law in the UK depicts a constitutional monarch, and so yes, as educators, I believe this means that we are duty bound to support the Crown in our lesson design and classroom discussions.


We are also, however, duty bound by those other values of mutual respect and individual liberty.


I believe it is important to mention this fact: civil and criminal proceedings cannot be taken against the Sovereign as a person under UK law. This means, the monarch, himself, does not have to obey one of the five British values; the rule of law. This seems contradictory,


I will leave that as a discussion for another day, but invite you, reader, to reflect on it.


Conclusion - The Critical Thing

The fundamental thing I want to impress on my learners, is to develop critical thinking. In so many aspects of a young adult's life today, critical thinking is a skill which can help protect them from those who would manipulate them and inform their judgement on the path they should follow.


Therefore, when discussing the role of the Monarchy within an educational setting, I believe healthy debate, criticism and respect of others' views has an important place, in fact is central, to the inclusion of our British values.


References

Dean Garratt & Heather Piper(2003), Citizenship Education And The Monarchy: Examining The Contradictions, British Journal of Educational Studies, 51:2,128-148, DOI: 10.1111/1467-8527.t01-1-00230


Crick, B. (2000) Essays on Citizenship (London, Continuum).






Writer's pictureSue Priest

When your feedback to learners is: now it's your turn to take control of your own learning


When it comes to giving feedback on exam performance, whether a learner has mastered a topic or any day to day feedback activity, we practise techniques all the time. In the PGCE course, it is one of the central areas of study within learning theories.


Feedback for Learning

Pritchard (2017), Gould (2013) and Kolb (1984) all suggested that periods of reflection would aid learning acquisition. Providing timely and appropriate feedback can stimulate and support such reflection, so teachers interact in all sorts of ways to help this; during lessons, before and after lessons, and before and after formal and informal examinations.



Feedback for learning can take the form of a simple piece of body language such as a smile, nod or thumbs up after a question is answered, or a written or verbal note to an individual learner or group.





Crunch Time

The moment when feedback gets to the next level - in my mind at least - has come this week. I need my learners to take the reins and own their own revision for their upcoming GCSE Maths exams. My feedback is "That's it folks - now you need to focus on your personal revision and fill your personal knowledge gaps. You will need to move towards self-directed study and learning, with me as your guide and support".


Why Century for Revision?

The method for revision, as devised by the Activate Learning maths team, is to use the EdTech app Century, with its artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities.

It is a powerful way for a learner to revise. But the learner must be motivated. First to do a diagnostic set of tests, to "teach" Century what they know and don't know of the subjects being tested. The AI then uses this information to populate a personalised "pathway" for that learner. So then, the learner has to focus on this pathway of micro lessons and tests, until all the topics are mastered.

Feedback is immediate during the nugget pathway phase - learners get to see the correct answer straight away and every nugget is on a topic with which they need help.


If you can get your learners to take responsibility for this, it is an extremely efficient method for revising. Every learner has a different set of strengths and weaknesses; the Century pathway they are provided with is tailored to their own.

It eliminates any unnecessary revising, and thus

reduces the time required for revision. It focuses and maximises the benefit of any time spent.



Handing over Control

So how does it feel for a teacher to hand over control to their learners? How does it feel to move from teacher to supporter / coach?


My personal style is one of mixing EdTech, presentation, overarching themes, projects and other constructivist style activities, so my lessons have energy and movement. Once the learners are in their Century pathway, especially the diagnostic tests - they just really sit at laptops or their phones to do the online micro lessons and tests, known as nuggets.


This bothers me a bit - I miss the energy in the room.


How do we motivate learners to focus on thie EdTech tool - when some may not be keen?


Understanding why a learner is not keen on using an EdTech tool is enlightening. Some just don't know how to access the tool, or interact with it, because the missed the lesson which covered this information.


For me - this week - it meant going from learner to learner and checking they could actually work out how to access and interact with Century via the laptop in class AND via their phone. I helped a number of them who had never tried using their phone and the smiles said it all.


Modifying the Lesson format and bringing back the relevance

So I know all of my learners are able to access and interact with the EdTech tool, know what they are expected to do, and why it is important. Not only that, but they know it is focused on their weaker areas, so will make the most of the time they have left before the exam to "up their grade".


To add that little bit of variety, interest and energy, my plan is to chunk the lessons up; start the lesson with a little quiz, and end with a confidence building non-maths quiz aimed at building exam technique and confidence.


I'm also going to add back in the relevance (which Century does not provide), by producing an interactive, collaboration - based Wakelet. This will have specific maths videos and examples for each of the Vocational areas studied by the learners. Bringing back this relevance should ensure learners feel the maths is still rooted in their chosen field and not just "teaching to Exam". I have built a Microsoft SWAY for Landscaping Maths here:




I will also be pilfering the BBC vocational resources on Bitesize here: https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/subjects/zjd8jty


Time is of the Essence

But the GCSE exams are so close, now, the crucial thing is to motivate and support them in their own self-directed journey on their Century path.










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